2026 PN Courses: Two Courses Selected to Strengthen Expertise and Collaboration Across the Pasteur Network

The Pasteur Network is pleased to announce the results of the 2026 Call for Course Proposals. We thank all applicants for the quality and relevance of the submissions received. A total of 31 proposals were reviewed by the selection committee. The total available funding for this call was €50,000. The high number of submissions reflects the strong commitment of Pasteur Network members to collaborate and share expertise across the Network.

Course Selected for Full Funding

Mastering the Art of Drug Discovery
Technologies, Tools and Applications
Organized by IP Korea, in collaboration with IP Lille and IP Montevideo
August 2026

Course Selected for Partial Funding

Wastewater and Environmental Surveillance for Viruses of Public Health Relevance
A Hands-on Approach from Sampling to Bioinformatics
Organized by Fiocruz, in collaboration with IP Guyane
June 2026

The Pasteur Network Course Selection Committee congratulates the selected teams and thanks all applicants for their commitment and contributions.

About Pasteur Network Courses

Since 2012, the Pasteur Network has offered more than one hundred international theoretical and practical courses. These trainings aim to address scientific and public health priorities, support training for researchers at different career stages, and strengthen collaboration within the Network and with partner institutions. They are open to post graduate students and young scientists from both the Network and national institutions in the host country.

Four young graduates from the Pasteur Network were honored at the Institut Pasteur’s PhD Graduation Ceremony on December 12th 2025. This celebration marked the end of a chapter for this new generation of researchers.

Since 2013, this annual event —organized by the Education Department of Institut Pasteur—has showcased the achievements of young researchers, marking its 13th edition in 2025. The ceremony featured a keynote address by Pr. Myriam Merad, Director of the Institute for Precision Immunology at Mount Sinai School of Medicine. Renowned for his groundbreaking work in the chemical biology of nucleic acids, Sir Shankar shared an inspiring message to young graduates encouraging them to pursue exploration over linear career pathways and take all the competencies learned during PhDs also outside of the laboratories.

Following his speech, Rebecca Grais, Executive Director of the Pasteur Network, formally introduced the PN graduates, emphasizing their contributions to a wide range of research fields. Each laureate also presented the highlights of their PhDs. Doctoral students from the Network had the opportunity to work on a wide variety of topics reinforcing the strength and reach of the Pasteur Network’s global research community.

Click on each name to learn more.

Thesis: Investigation of the role of microglia in remyelination and repair of the CNS, to enhance their beneficial function as new therapeutic strategies for Multiple Sclerosis

Athena Boutou studied Biology at the University of Athens and received an Erasmus+ scholarship to attend Université Paris Diderot in France (2017). She completed an international MSc in Neurosciences, graduating as valedictorian (2019), with her thesis conducted at the Hellenic Pasteur Institute and the Netherlands Institute of Neurosciences. She recently completed her PhD in Neuroimmunology (2025) at the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of the Hellenic Pasteur Institute and the Medical School of Athens. Her research focuses on therapeutic strategies targeting microglia to enhance remyelination and CNS repair in demyelinating neurodegenerative diseases, with key findings published in Cell Reports (Boutou et al., 2024). She has received multiple awards in international conferences, including EMBO Microglia 2024, FENS 2024, the Hellenic Academy of Neuroimmunology 2024, the Hellenic Society of Neurosciences 2023, Glia 2023, and ESNI 2019. Athena values international networking, recently leading the organizing committee of the 8th Hellenic & Paris Pasteur Institute Young Scientists Conference 2025, fostering connections among young researchers across the Pasteur Network.

Thesis: Development of a technological platform for metagenomic surveillance of viruses circulating in mosquitoes

Luisa is a biomedical scientist with a BSc in Biomedicine from UFPE and both an MSc and a PhD in Biosciences and Biotechnology in Health from FIOCRUZ. Her academic trajectory focused on molecular biology, arbovirus surveillance, and vector–pathogen interactions, with experience ranging from Wolbachia detection to viromics and dengue virus molecular analyses. She designed and executed assays involving RT-qPCR, sequencing, genomic surveillance, and bioinformatic workflows, contributing to peer-reviewed publications and international collaborations. She currently works as a Researcher at FIOCRUZ, where she conduct experimental and analytical studies on dengue vaccine replication dynamics in mosquito and murine models. Her technical background includes training in genomic surveillance, data visualization in R, and public-health field methodologies, along with strong skills in scientific writing, data interpretation, and documentation according to institutional standards.

Thesis: Phenotypic and molecular characterization of multi-resistant enterobacteriaceae in fecal carriage among children residing in Bangui (Central African Republic)

Hugues Sanke-Waïgana obtained a PhD in Life, Health and Environmental Sciences at the Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar, Senegal, on the theme: « Phenotypic and molecular characterization of multi-antibiotic-resistant enterobacteriaceae in fecal carriage among children residing in Bangui (Central African Republic) ». Thesis defended on July 30, 2025 with a very honourable mention with congratulations from the jury. The thesis work was carried out jointly at the Pole of Microbiology, at the Institut Pasteur in Dakar and the laboratory of medical and experimental bacteriology, at the Institut Pasteur in Bangui. He has been working in the laboratory of medical and experimental bacteriology at the Institut Pasteur in Bangui, Central African Republic since 2015. He participates in the steering of scientific projects, including the CHART project which evaluated enterobacterial resistance to third-generation cephalosporins in neonatology in the pediatric complex of Bangui, the AFRIBIOTA 1 and 2 project which studied the development mechanisms of pediatric environmental enteropathy in children with moderate, severe and severe normonutritional malnutrition in Bangui and Antananarivo (Madagascar), the SARA project which carries out a surveillance of antibiotic resistance in Africa and the PRETERM project, which conducts a pragmatic study of therapies aimed at improving respiratory management of premature infants in Africa. Mr. Sanke-Waïgana actively participates in the writing of research projects and the publication of scientific works in international journals. He has strong expertise in the detection of genetic elements to antimicrobials, infectious diseases, molecular epidemiology and bacteriology.

Thesis: Multidisciplinary approaches for studying cutaneous leishmaniasis in Morocco: bioinformatics pipeline, development of predictive modeling and Artificial Intelligence-aided mobile diagnostic application.

Hasnaa Talimi is a computer scientist and bioinformatician who recently completed her PhD at the Institut Pasteur du Maroc (IPM) in collaboration with the National School of Applied Sciences of Tangier (ENSAT). Her research combines genomic analysis and artificial intelligence (AI) to better understand and control cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Morocco.
She optimized whole-genome sequencing pipelines to study Leishmania tropica genome instability and population diversity, developed machine-learning models to predict new CL cases over time, and co-created a deep-learning mobile application to support healthcare professionals in diagnosing CL, particularly in resource-limited settings.
She has also been involved in teaching and supervising Master’s students in their final projects, and she enjoys making complex concepts in AI and genomics accessible to multidisciplinary teams. Passionate about building bridges between wet-lab scientists, clinical teams, and data scientists, she aims to pursue a national and international career in which AI-based methods support research on infectious diseases and global health.

In line with the strategic pillars of the Pasteur Network and its commitment to strengthening Knowledge Communities, this year’s call for collaborative projects placed a strong emphasis on supporting youngresearchers—a priority reaffirmed at the recent Pasteur Network Annual Meeting in Ho Chi Minh City. Reflecting this vision, the Pasteur Network (PN) and the Department for Scientific Programming and Incentive Actions (SPAIS) at the Institut Pasteur (Paris), are pleased to announce the results of the first edition of the SPARK – Seeded Partnerships for Advancing Research Knowledge program, dedicated to empowering the next generation of scientific leaders.

Among 18 proposals evaluated, 4 projects were selected for funding following a review by an ad hoc selection committee.

Selected Projects

  1. DIJER – Analyzing Defective Interfering Genomes of Japanese Encephalitis Virus and Their Effects on Virus Replication
    • Partners: Institut Pasteur du Cambodge (Coordinator), Institut Pasteur Paris, Institut Pasteur du Laos
  2. HAAPI – Haemophilus Africa-Asia-Pacific Initiative
    • Partners: Institut Pasteur Korea (Coordinator), Institut Pasteur d’Algérie, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur Paris
  3. MAP-RES – Mapping Plasmodium species reservoirs: characterizing tissue sequestration and silent transmission in Cameroon and Cambodia
    • Partners: Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie (Coordinator), Institut Pasteur du Cambodge
  4. STAMD – Stabilized Antigens for Monoclonal antibody Discovery against SFTSV
    • Partners: Institut Pasteur du Cambodge (Coordinator), Centre Pasteur in Cameroon, Institut Pasteur Paris

Evaluation Criteria

  • Content and context: relevance of the research question, public health impact, alignment with strategic axes, contribution to scientific knowledge and local capacity, and novelty.
  • Approach and methodology: feasibility within the proposed timeframe and risk mitigation strategies.
  • Consortium: quality and relevance of partners, promotion of young scientists, new collaborations, and inclusive practices.
  • Budget: justification and proportionality to expected outcomes.

The selected projects will begin in early 2026 for a 2-year period.

Ceremony of the Pasteur Network Annual Meeting, on October 22, 2025, in Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam), Dr. Grégoire Davignon, molecular biologist at the Institut Pasteur of New Caledonia and associate researcher at the University of New Caledonia, receives the Talent Award. This distinction, funded since 2017 by the Institut Pasteur Paris, highlights young researchers from the Pasteur Network who have demonstrated strong scientific potential. For the second time, the award recognizes excellence in the Science & Communication category, honoring researchers who bridge the gap between research and society. 

A scientific commitment to global health 

Dr. Grégoire Davignon leads innovative research on leptospirosis, a neglected zoonotic disease with increasing public health relevance, particularly in tropical regions. His work focuses on the gene regulation mechanisms of Leptospira interrogans biofilms, which play a crucial role in the bacterium’s ability to adapt and persist in the environment. 

Using New Caledonia—a territory where leptospirosis places a disproportionate burden on vulnerable populations—as a primary study area, Dr. Davignon’s research adopts a One Health approach, exploring the interconnectedness of animal, human, and environmental health. His findings are pivotal for better understanding the risks associated with leptospirosis and for designing prevention strategies tailored to tropical ecosystems. 

He has presented his work at prestigious international conferences in Los Angeles, Belgium, and Paris, positioning his research on the global stage and reinforcing the role of the Pasteur Network in addressing re-emerging infectious diseases. 

A voice for science, beyond the lab 

Beyond his scientific contributions, Dr. Davignon is deeply engaged in science communication and public outreach. As a semi-finalist in the French national competition “Ma Thèse en 180 secondes”, he delivered an accessible and engaging presentation of his research to a broad audience. His communication skills also earned him recognition at an international innovation hackathon in Australia, where he successfully pitched a project on algae-derived biomaterials. 

An advocate for making science accessible, Dr. Davignon actively participates in public events such as the Fête de la Science, and he regularly engages with both academic and non-academic audiences. He has represented New Caledonian youth in discussions with Pacific Islands Forum leaders and participated in high-level exchanges with policymakers, including a meeting with the French Overseas Minister. 

Supporting the next generation of scientists 

In addition to his scientific and communication achievements, Dr. Davignon has demonstrated a strong commitment to education and mentorship. As former President of the Doctoral Students’ Association of New Caledonia, he supported early-career researchers and helped foster a vibrant scientific community.  

Empowering science to speak to society 

In presenting the award, Odette Tomescu Hatto, Vice President of International Affairs at Institut Pasteur, emphasized: “he Talent Award today celebrates a scientist who embodies not only scientific excellence, but also the ability to translate his research into concrete action, accessible to all. Dr. Grégoire Davignon demonstrates that scientific communication is a powerful tool for shaping the future of public health” 

This 9th edition of the Talent Award continues to highlight the vital role of scientific communication in public health. Dr. Davignon’s career is a testament to the synergy between research and outreach—a dual commitment that brings science closer to the people it serves

As part of the 2025 edition of Health: A Political Choice – The Future of Health in a Fractured World (released on October 6th), a flagship publication of the Global Governance Project, co-edited by the Global Health Centre (Geneva) and the Global Governance Program (Toronto), an article (pp. 70–71) is dedicated to “Science and Solidarity: A New Paradigm for Global Health” by Yasmine Belkaid, President of Institut Pasteur and Vice-President of the Pasteur Network, Mario Santos Moreira, President of the Pasteur Network and President Fiocruz, and Rebecca Grais, Executive Director of the Pasteur Network.

In their article, the authors argue that in a world fractured by crises and mistrust, science remains one of the few truly global connective threads. They emphasize that sustained, decentralized scientific collaboration is essential to achieving equity and preparedness in global health. The COVID-19 pandemic revealed both the immense power of scientific cooperation and the deep inequities in access to life-saving tools.

The authors call for a new paradigm—one that moves beyond selective solidarity toward shared responsibility, long-term investment, and inclusive governance. They highlight the Pasteur Network as a model of trust-based, multipolar collaboration that delivers public goods and strengthens resilience across borders.

The Pasteur Network exemplifies this vision. With over 30 member institutions across five continents—most located in the Global South—it fosters decentralized innovation and rapid responses to emerging health threats. During the COVID-19 pandemic, its members exchanged genomic data, protocols, and reagents in real time, often faster than through formal channels. These efforts were grounded in trust, scientific excellence, and long-standing partnerships.

The article concludes with a call to invest in the infrastructure of cooperation: networks, platforms, and inclusive governance mechanisms. The breakthroughs of the future, the authors argue, will not arise from isolated efforts but from organized collaboration grounded in equity and solidarity.

🔗 Read the full publication

The Pasteur Network announces the launch of PNLink, an exclusive digital platform designed to enhance collaboration, communication, and knowledge sharing among its 32 member institutes worldwide.

PNLink provides members with an intuitive environment for a global interaction and coordination on priority health challenges such as epidemic preparedness, climate-sensitive diseases, vaccine development, and antimicrobial resistance.

This launch reflects the Network’s strategic pillar to foster multidisciplinary collaboration and global knowledge exchange.

“The launch of PNLink is a pivotal step forward in harnessing the power of collective intelligence within the Pasteur Network. This platform embodies our commitment to openness, inclusivity, and scientific excellence, enabling faster and more agile responses to global health threats,” Rebecca F. Grais, Executive Director of the Pasteur Network.

For more information about the Pasteur Network and its initiatives, interested parties are invited to visit community.pasteur-network.org.

Unlock the network

PNLink is accessible exclusively to Pasteur Network members,
and totally free of charge.

Sign up now

We’re delighted to share two new calls for scientific incentive grants exclusively for the Pasteur Network community!

SPARK call (Seeded Partnerships for Advancing Research & Knowledge)

Funders : Pasteur Network, Institut Pasteur

🔍 Objectives:

  • to foster innovative, interdisciplinary projects through collaborative grassroots initiatives
  • to reinforce relationships within the Pasteur Network
  • to support the next generation of researchers worldwide
  • to foster a community of early-career scientists within the PN.

💡 Project Focus:

Projects should catalyze innovation by encouraging exploratory research that pushes boundaries and opens new avenues within the Strategic Plan Pasteur 2030 and/or the scientific pillars of the Pasteur Network.

📅 Key Details:

  • Duration: 24 months
  • Budget : up to €75,000 – €100,000 + possibility to have a C&Y post doc grant
  • Submission deadline: September 8th, 2025 at 1 pm (Paris time)
  • Starting date: at least mid-December 2025
  • Coordinators and team leaders must be early-career scientists from member institutes of the Pasteur Network

The goal of this new edition is to enhance the impact of our incentive programs by prioritizing the most innovative, disruptive, and interdisciplinary projects which foster talent development and connections with the Pasteur Network, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.We will also focus on projects that leverage cutting-edge technology and artificial intelligence. Finally, particular attention will be given to projects that promote sustainability, talent development, entrepreneurship, societal engagement, equity, diversity and inclusion

All information about the above-mentioned call can be found on the SPARK Guidelines

Pasteur Excellence in Research & Leadership Program (PERL)

Funder: Institut Pasteur   

🔍 Objectives: 

The research projects :

  • Are cross-disciplinary, bridging multiple scientific fields of expertise
  • Foster new collaborations within the Pasteur ecosystem
  • Establish novel, high-impact collaborations between Institut Pasteur (IP) scientists and researchers from the Pasteur Network (PN)
  • Strengthen interactions between basic, clinical, and translational research by
  • Initiating new collaborations with clinicians, particularly through AP-HP;
  • Enhancing potential future industrial partnerships

💡 Project Focus:

Projects should be aligned with the priorities of the Strategic Plan Pasteur 2030. However, exceptional projects that open novel research avenues or novel technological developments will also be considered .

📅 Key Details:

  • Duration: 36 months with a go/no go review at 24 months
  • Budget: up to €300,000 + possibility to have a PRC-PERL Grant
  • Submission deadline: July 8th, 2025 at 1 pm (Paris time)
  • Start date of projects:  At least mid-October, 2025       

All information about the above-mentioned call can be found on the PERL Guidelines.

More information : https://spais.aap.pasteur.fr/documents/site/12/guidelines_perl_vf2_updated.pdf

The DURABLE annual meeting, held at the Institut Pasteur in Paris from February 19-21, 2025, brought together a collaborative network of research and public health institutions from across Europe. This network is dedicated to enhancing outbreak preparedness through a One Health approach. By focusing on pathogen detection, evolutionary analysis, and threat characterization, DURABLE aims to provide rapid, high-quality scientific insights to support the European Commission Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Authority (HERA) in making informed decisions on cross-border health threats.

The Role of the Pasteur Network in DURABLE

The Pasteur Network (PN) plays a crucial role in the DURABLE project by enhancing capacity within the network through various training opportunities for its members. Here are some key initiatives led by the PN team:

  • Research Management during Outbreaks: The first school, launched in May 2024 in collaboration with Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, resulted in the creation of a Research Management Community.
  • Metagenomics & NGS for Outbreak Response: Scheduled for July 7-11, 2025, at Institut Pasteur, this course will focus on pathogen detection, outbreak tracing, phylodynamics, and pathogen evolution.
  • Webinars & MOOCs: The PN team initiated a series of webinars and a MOOC on Research Management, starting with a session on in vitro & in vivo models in September 2024. More sessions are planned for the future.
  • Mid-term Fellowships: Launching in 2025, these fellowships will facilitate staff exchanges between DURABLE partner institutions, providing hands-on training opportunities.

The DURABLE network, with the support of the Pasteur Network, continues to strengthen Europe’s ability to respond to health emergencies, ensuring a well-prepared and resilient public health infrastructure.

Read more about the DURABLE project : https://durableproject.org/

The Pasteur Network and the World Federation of Public Health Associations (WFPHA) have signed a MoU to establish a collaborative framework to enhance global public health. This collaboration aims to leverage the strengths of both organizations to address critical public health challenges through research, policy advocacy, capacity building, and the promotion of health equity.

Collaborative Efforts

The collaboration will focus on several key areas:

  • Epidemic Intelligence & Preparedness: Enhancing epidemic intelligence and preparedness through joint surveillance and research initiatives, particularly on climate-sensitive diseases.
  • Research, Development, & Innovation: Advancing scientific understanding and technological innovations in public health and biomedicine.
  • Policy Development and Advocacy: Developing and promoting global public health policies to positively influence health outcomes.
  • Capacity Building: Strengthening the capabilities of public health professionals and organizations through training programs, workshops, and knowledge exchange initiatives.
  • Promotion of Health Equity: Implementing strategies that promote equitable health outcomes across different populations.

Duration and Future Prospects

The MoU is effective for three years, with the possibility of extension by mutual agreement. This partnership marks a significant step towards enhancing global public health. By combining their expertise and resources, the Pasteur Network and WFPHA aim to make substantial contributions to public health research, policy, and practice, ultimately improving health outcomes worldwide.

The Pasteur Network is delighted to announce the call for applications to join Scientific Working Groups. This initiative marks a pivotal moment in our journey towards fostering a global community dedicated to advancing public health, biological research, and scientific excellence to work together better.

Composition of the Scientific Working Groups

The Scientific Working Groups will be composed of one representative from each member institute of the Pasteur Network, ensuring a broad spectrum of insights and expertise. This structure aims to reflect the diverse scientific pursuits and challenges across our network, promoting a collaborative approach to innovation public health, and research. Each institute will be represented in at least one Scientific Working Group, with the option for multiple individuals from each institute to apply and participate actively in these groups (see detailed description below).

Criteria for Participation

Eligibility:

  • Applicants must not hold directorial or department head positions within their respective institutes.
  • The participating institute must support the applicant’s involvement, including covering travel expenses for an annual in-person meeting as well as allowing time to participate in virtual discussions.

Desired Qualities and Expectations:

  • Commitment to achieving gender, regional, and subject area balance, in alignment with 9 key thematic areas: (1) Mother & Child Health (2) Vector-Borne Diseases impacted by Climate Change (3) Antimicrobial Resistance (4) R&D&I on Vaccines (5), on Therapeutics and (6) on Diagnostics, (7) Science Equity, (8) Epidemic Preparedness (9) Ethics.
  • Proficiency in English is preferred, although automatic translation will be available for virtual meetings.
  • A CV (no longer than 5 pages) highlighting relevant experiences and achievements.
  • Responses to two cover letter questions, focusing on the applicant’s unique contributions and visions aligned with the Pasteur Network’s strategic pillars.

 Selection Process

Applications will be reviewed by a selection panel. The panel will aim for a balanced and diverse composition. Final candidates will be approved by the Board of the Pasteur Network.

Roles and Responsibilities

Members of the Scientific Working Groups will actively contribute to meetings, participate in working groups, and serve as liaisons with their respective institutes for a three-year term, renewable on a voluntary basis. The Chair of the Working Groups will be voted from among its members. The Chair will support the Working Groups to organize meetings, act as the primary contact point for the members of the Scientific Working Groups and with support from the Pasteur Network will provide an annual report on the deliberations, discussions, and plans of each Working Group. The mandate of the Chair is for 3 years, with the possibility of renewal.

Application Submission

Interested candidates are invited to submit their applications on the Flexigrant platform (https://calls.pasteur-network.org/startapplication.aspx?id=14254). The application must include a short CV and written responses to the specified cover letter questions outlined in the application form. The selection process will honor the principles of balance, diversity, and excellence.

This opportunity represents not only a chance to contribute to the global health community but also to help shape the future of scientific research, public health and innovation within the Pasteur Network. We look forward to receiving your applications and welcoming our new Working Group members.

Deadline for Application Submission: 15 January 2025

For more details or help to submit your application, please contact: renaud.Vatrinet@pasteur.fr

Description of the Scientific Working Groups

1. Mother & Child Health

This SWG focuses on advancing research in maternal and child health. It aims to unify experts from diverse research domains to address key health challenges in mothers, infants, and children, including both communicable and non-communicable diseases.  

2. Vector-Borne Diseases Impacted by Climate Change

This SWG unites researchers focused on vector-borne diseases affected by climate change, emphasizing the changes in vector distribution, seasonality, and disease intensity due to warming temperatures and environmental shifts.

3. Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)

This SWG addresses the critical public health threat of antimicrobial resistance through strategic reflection, fostering enhanced collaboration, increased visibility, and capacity building. Its efforts range from AMR surveillance to comprehensive molecular studies of resistance mechanisms.

4. Research, Development & Innovation (R&D&I) on Vaccines

Focusing on vaccine research, development, and innovation, this SWG covers the entire vaccine development pipeline, from basic research to manufacturing and clinical trials.

5. Research, Development & Innovation (R&D&I) on Therapeutics

This SWG fosters strategic reflection on collaboration and capacity building to advance new therapeutic options for infectious diseases. It supports the entire continuum, from basic research through therapeutic manufacturing and clinical trials, with a particular focus on emerging infections and neglected diseases.

6. Research, Development & Innovation (R&D&I) on Diagnostics

This SWG fosters collaboration and capacity building to create and enhance diagnostic tools for detecting infectious diseases accurately and rapidly. The group will collaborate on initiatives to facilitate the development of accessible, reliable diagnostics, particularly for regions where disease burden is high, and resources are limited.

7. Science Equity

In line with the Pasteur Network’s pillar of equity, this SWG aims to promote fairness in research funding, visibility, and career development opportunities across all network members. It emphasizes equitable access to research resources, training, and recognition, ensuring that all members, especially those from underrepresented regions and early-career researchers, can fully participate and benefit from the network’s activities.

8. Epidemic Preparedness

Focused on enhancing epidemic preparedness, this SWG includes activities such as surveillance, intelligence gathering, and rapid response planning, by integrating knowledge from multiple disciplines (e.g., virologists, epidemiologists, public health professionals, and data scientists) and the expertises of the members.

9. Ethics This SWG brings together experts in bioethics, legal frameworks, and public health ethics to address ethical challenges arising in infectious disease research and public health activities. It will also address emerging ethical concerns related to data sharing, biobanking, and international research collaboration.